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The City of London is a small area within Greater London, England. It is the historic core of London around which the modern conurbation grew and has held city status since time immemorial. The City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, and it is now only a tiny part of the metropolis of London. It is often referred to as the City or the Square Mile, as it is just over one square mile (1.12 mile² / 2.90 km²)[1] in area. These terms are also often used as metonymies for the United Kingdom’s financial services industry, which has historically been based here.
In the medieval period, the City was the full extent of London. The term London now refers to a much larger conurbation roughly corresponding to Greater London, a local government area which includes 32 London boroughs as well as the City of London, which is not one of the 32 London boroughs. The local authority for the City, the City of London Corporation, is unique in the United Kingdom, and has some unusual responsibilities for a local authority in Britain, such as being the police authority for the City. It also has responsibilities and ownerships beyond the City’s boundaries. The Corporation is headed by the Lord Mayor of the City of London, a separate (and much older) office to the Mayor of London.
The City is today a major business and financial centre, ranking on a par with New York City as the leading centre of global finance;[2] in the 19th century, the City served as the world’s primary business centre.[3] The City has a resident population of approximately 8,000, but around 340,000 people work there, mainly in the financial services sector. The legal profession form a major component of the western side of the City, in and around the Inns of Court, of which two – the Inner and Middle Temples – fall within the City of London boundary.
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London (pronounced /?l?nd?n/) is the capital of England and the United Kingdom. A major settlement for two millennia, its history goes back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium.[6] London’s core, the ancient City of London, the ’square mile’, retains its mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the nineteenth century, the name “London” has also referred to the metropolis developed around it.[7] Today, the bulk of this conurbation forms the London region[8] and the Greater London administrative area,[9] with its own elected mayor and assembly.[10]
London is a major global city and one of the world’s largest financial centres with the largest city GDP in Europe. Central London is home to the headquarters of most of the UK’s top 100 listed companies (the FTSE 100) and more than 100 of Europe’s 500 largest. London’s influence in politics, finance, education, entertainment, media, fashion, the arts and culture in general contributes to its global position. It is a major tourist destination for both domestic and overseas visitors. London hosted the 1908 and 1948 Summer Olympics and will host the 2012 Summer Olympics. London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; the historic settlement of Greenwich; the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; and the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey and St. Margaret’s Church.
London has a diverse range of peoples, cultures, and religions, and more than 300 languages are spoken within its boundaries.[18] In July 2007 it had an official population of 7,556,900 within the boundaries of Greater London,[19] making it the most populous municipality in the European Union.[20] The Greater London Urban Area (the second largest in the EU) has a population of 8,278,251.[2] while the metropolitan area (the largest in the EU) has an estimated total population of between 12 million[3] and 14 million.[4] The London Underground network, administered by Transport for London, is the most extensive underground railway network in the world,[21] London Heathrow Airport is the world’s busiest airport by number of international passengers[22] and the airspace is the busiest of any urban centre in the world.[23]